Health

Our dogs love to eat but sometimes, they’ll have a munch on things they’re not supposed to. As some of you know, lilies, although pretty, can be dangerous for cats but is it the same for dogs?

From digestive problems in dogs to coughing, our pets can sometimes be subjected to health issues that need treatment – especially our dogs who can often be prone to getting into trouble when they explore outside. From being stung by bees, to being a little too curious with stinging nettles, they can give themselves allergic reactions. As Benadryl helps us humans with our allergies so well, you might be wondering ‘can I give Benadryl to my dog?’ Find out if you can and if so, how much is safe for them to take.

Just like humans, there is a normal temperature in dogs, and if this is over what it should be, it can be a cause for concern. There are many things that can affect your dog's normal temperature, from illness to heat and even anxiety. Learn all you need to know, here.

Dogs, like all animals, require a variety of nutrients and vitamins to maintain their health and wellbeing in top notch condition. To make sure you’re giving them the care they need, it’s important to know what you should and shouldn’t include in their diets. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient in all human diets, with major benefits for our health, but does it work the same way for our pets and what exactly is the role of vitamin C for dogs? If you’ve ever wondered if vitamin C can boost your dog’s health and offer them the same benefits it offers us, we have some answers for you. In this article, we’ll discuss the importance of vitamin C for dogs, the way in which it can be valuable if included in your pet’s diet, and the best sources of this nutrient.

As a dog owner, you already know that providing your furry friend with a healthy diet is key to their well-being. However, with so many different variants of dog food available, it might not be clear which nutrients, including vitamin D, are truly beneficial for your pet. The role of vitamin D can be overlooked, so it’s important to know what it is and how it can affect your pet’s health. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of vitamin D for dogs, the advantages of adding it to your pet’s diet and the consequences of a deficiency. Let’s dive right in! What is vitamin D? Also known as the “sunshine vitamin”, vitamin D is a nutrient that plays a key role in the body. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that can help regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, ensuring that the bones and teeth stay in a good condition. While humans might easily get vitamin D through sun exposure, dogs cannot synthesise it effectively from sunlight, so they have to rely on dietary sources for their vitamin D. Do dogs need vitamin D? Yes, dogs need vitamin D because it’s vital for their skeletal health. It’s also known to boost their immunity, protecting against certain diseases. Even though they might get some vitamin D from sunlight exposure, the main source of vitamin D for dogs is their food. You will find this in all our main meal dog foods which provide complete nutrition for dogs to stay fit and healthy. However, too much vitamin D can be harmful, so if you think your dog might benefit from vitamin D supplements, it’s crucial that you consult with a vet before changing their diet. Benefits of vitamin D for dogs The main function of vitamin D is to regulate your dog’s calcium levels so that they can develop and maintain healthy bones. But that’s not all it does, so here are some more valuable benefits that vitamin D may have: Immune support Vitamin D can help with the proper functioning of the immune system, boosting your dog’s ability to fight off infections and diseases. Healthy muscles Vitamin D is essential to maintain the right levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which helps with muscle growth and proper function. Improved cognitive function This important nutrient may also have a role in helping prevent cognitive decline in older dogs. Cell growth Vitamin D can help regulate cell growth, a process necessary for the development and maintenance of healthy tissues and organs. Cardiovascular health Low levels of vitamin D may be linked to heart disease in dogs; however, excessive supplementation may also increase their risk of heart issues. Foods that contain vitamin D All complete dog foods should contain enough vitamin D for your dog. If you want to add in some extra from natural foods, here are some you can use: Egg yolks Cheese Fatty fish (tuna, salmon, mackerel) Squash Beef Liver Yogurt Mushrooms (shiitake and portobello) Oats When feeding your dog foods that are high in vitamin D, remember to only offer them in moderation and as part of a balanced diet. Some of these foods are high in fat and could cause health issues like pancreatitis and weight gain if fed in large amounts. If you plan to feed a primarily home-prepared diet to your dog, it’s vital to consult with a certified veterinary nutritionist who can ensure you feed the correct amounts of all the different nutrients your dog needs. Giving your dog too much vitamin D might result in damaging side-effects, so you should always pay attention to the amount each food contains and consult your vet practice for advice. In some cases, the vet might recommend using vitamin D supplements instead, as the dosage can be easier to control. Vitamin D deficiency in dogs Although it’s not very common, there have been cases of vitamin D deficiency in dogs. Some of the signs may include hair loss, fatigue, or bone and muscle weakness; So if you notice your dog having any of these clinical signs (or symptoms), make sure to contact a vet so that you can rule out other causes and, if necessary, correct the amount of vitamin D consumed. Now that you know the importance of vitamin D for dogs, you can be better prepared to decide on the best diet for them. Want to learn more about what your dog’s diet should contain? Check out this article on The Role and Benefits of Vitamin C for Dogs. You can also check out this page that contains information about the principal ingredients that can be found in our pet food.

With so many different dog food and supplement options available, it can be overwhelming trying to figure out what exactly your dog needs. Along with other important nutrients, vitamin B complex can be really helpful in keeping your dog as fit as a fiddle. But what is the role of vitamin B for dogs and what are some of the benefits it can provide? Vitamin B comprises an important group of nutrients that can make a real difference in your furry friend’s life. Whether you’re looking to improve their energy levels, support their digestive system, or simply give them an extra immunity boost, adding vitamin B to their diet is a great way to do just that. What is Vitamin B? A water-soluble nutrient, vitamin B is actually a complex of different B vitamins that are necessary for various bodily functions in dogs. They include vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12; with each one of them offering unique benefits and working together to support your dog’s well-being. Unlike other nutrients that are stored in fat cells, vitamin B ‘flushes’ through a dog’s system, which means that it’s very difficult to have too much of it. It’s a great nutrient for maintaining a healthy metabolism and for helping your dog stay active. If your walks have been missing some enthusiasm lately, vitamin B might help to give your dog an energy boost. Is Vitamin B good for dogs? Yes, vitamin B can be great for dogs! In fact, B vitamins play a key role in supporting your furry friend’s overall health. Because they can’t produce it for themselves, dogs need vitamin B to be supplied from external sources, such as food or supplements. And you know what’s another great thing about it? Its components are water-soluble, so the risk of giving too much is very low, as your dog will eliminate the surplus through its urine. However, always be careful and make sure you consult a vet before incorporating it into your dog’s diet. Benefits of Vitamin B for dogs There are several perks that come with making sure your dog gets enough vitamin B. Here are some of them: Improved energy levels and metabolism As it has a key role in converting food into energy, vitamin B1, or thiamine, can help keep your dog active and alert. Stronger immune system Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, is great for the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system, ensuring that your dog stays safe from infections. It also helps with making new red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Healthier skin and shinier coat If your dog’s skin and coat could use a boost, vitamin B7, or biotin, can help by assisting with fatty acid production in the skin, preventing water loss and helping to keep your dog’s coat healthy. Boosted brain function B vitamins have various roles in cognitive function. Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, and vitamin B6 are particularly important for brain function, nerve cell health and neurotransmitter production. It’s even been suggested that B vitamins might help with anxiety and stress. Better digestion To maintain your dog’s digestive system in tiptop shape, consider adding vitamin B12, or cobalamin, to their diet. A deficiency of vitamin B12 may cause gastrointestinal issues, and long-lasting digestive problems due to other causes could also make your dog deficient. Foods that contain Vitamin B Most commercial dog foods contain adequate levels of vitamin B; but sometimes that might not be enough, as B vitamins can easily be destroyed if food is stored in a place that’s exposed to heat, light, humidity or even just the air. To make sure your dog is receiving enough B vitamins, you should ensure their food is kept closed and in a cool, dry area away from sunlight. If you want to make sure your dog is receiving the amount that they need, you can consider B vitamin supplements. Alternatively, you might consider incorporating the following foods into their diet: FishPoultryLambWheatOrgan meats (liver, kidneys)EggsRicePeas It’s important to only feed these in moderation, however, alongside their usual diet. If you’re planning to feed these as more than 10% of your dog’s diet, it’s worth consulting with a veterinary nutritionist to ensure you don’t inadvertently cause a potentially serious nutritional imbalance. Vitamin B deficiency in dogs When dogs don’t eat enough vitamin B, this can result in a range of different problems, including anaemia, anxiety, diarrhoea, skin problems, fatigue, or neurological disorders. Some dogs, however, are more at risk of developing vitamin B deficiency, such as older dogs or those that experience gastrointestinal issues. Food supplements like the Purina PRO PLAN® Multivitamins Dog Supplement Tablets can be a big help in supporting your dog’s health by providing them with the B vitamins they need. Keep in mind that these signs can also point to other diseases, so if you notice any of them, make sure to contact a vet. They may recommend various tests to reach a diagnosis, which can then allow you to treat the root cause of the problem. Above all, it’s important to make sure your dog is eating a balanced and nutritious diet. Always check the ingredients on commercial dog foods and be careful to store them in a dry and dark place. All our Purina main meal products provide complete and balanced nutrition to help keep dogs fit and healthy. The good news is that being aware of the importance of vitamin B for dogs, you can take proactive steps to make sure they don’t lack it. With a little bit of effort and care, you can help your furry friend thrive and enjoy a happy and long life. Want to learn more about your dog’s dietary needs? Check out this article on How Vitamin D Can Boost Your Dog's Health. If you’re interested in the nutritional benefits of the other principal ingredients that can be found in our pet food, you can find out more here.

From the age of around 6 months, a female dog will start experiencing heat cycles, or ‘coming into season’. You may notice changes in your four-legged friend that will signify that they are in heat. Learn all about your dog’s heat cycle, how long it lasts and what to look out for. What is a dog heat cycle? A dog heat cycle lasts about six months, and at certain points in this cycle, termed being ‘in season’ or ‘on heat’, your female dog is fertile and can become pregnant. During this time your dog will bleed from their vulva and will often show more interest in male dogs. When does a dog’s heat cycle start? Some bitches can start their heat cycles as early as four months, however, this is unusual and is most common in smaller dog breeds. Larger dog breeds tend to start their heat cycles at around 8 to 12 months. The average among all breeds is around nine months. It is advised that young female dogs should not be bred during their first two cycles, as they are not yet fully mature themselves. To make sure you are breeding your dog at the right time, you should seek the advice of your vet and they will be able to tell you when your dog is mature enough to start breeding. How often does a dog go into heat? After your dog’s first heat cycle, your dog will experience their next one every 6-7 months on average. This means a dog will be on heat twice a year. When your dog starts to mature in age, their cycles may become less regular. However, if you have a young dog and their cycles are irregular, or you have any other concerns you should contact your vet. If you have a dog that’s been spayed, they will not experience a heat cycle. How long is a dog in heat? A dog will usually be on heat for anywhere between 2 to 4 weeks, and they are usually most fertile around day 10. Within the first few days of a heat, they may not be responsive to male dogs. While this is normal for some, others may be much more interested in male dogs from the beginning of their cycle. It is important to note, that during heat, your dog may not bleed the entire time.Some dog heat cycles will be shorter than others, and it can be tricky to tell when your dog’s heat has finished. You can look for clues as to when the heat has finished such as the size of their vulva, which will return to its normal size and there will be no bleeding. Signs of a dog heat cycle There are a few signs that your dog will show at the beginning and during their heat cycle. These signs will settle down at the end of their heat which will usually indicate that it has finished. Red, swollen vulvaBleeding or discharge from the vulvaExcessive licking of the back endUrinating more than usual You may also notice behavioural changes in your female dog when they are on heat. These changes may be a sudden over-friendliness towards other dogs, mounting or humping objects, heightened anxiety and moving their tail to one side when standing. When is my dog most fertile during their cycle? During your dog’s heat cycle, there is a small window of fertility. This window can start anywhere from 9 to 10 days after she goes into heat. This window of fertility will last for about 5 days. There is no hard and fast rule though, and your dog can fall pregnant at any time during heat. How to care for your dog when they are in heat? There are a few things you can do to keep your dog comfortable while they are on heat. Keep them entertained – offer them their favourite toy or give them a new puzzle toy to keep their minds distractedKeep their beds clean and comfortableMake sure you keep an eye on their cleanliness – if they are bleeding heavily, bathing your dog will be the best way to keep them nice and clean.If bleeding is heavier than normal, or your dog is off colour, you should seek veterinary advice as soon as possible - it may be a sign of pyometra, a type of womb infectionOffer them plenty of water and keep an eye on their appetite too While there is no pain felt during a dog’s heat cycle, they will still appreciate being made to feel comfortable during this period of time. Keeping an eye on your dog’s overall behaviour and body language during their cycle will indicate whether they need extra support or not during this time. Despite these cycles only happening twice a year, it is important that you note whether they are regular or not. If you think there is any cause for concern during your dog’s heat cycle, seek advice from your vet. Remember that having your dog spayed is the best option for most female dogs. If you want to learn more about your female dog and their fertility, read through our article on signs of dog pregnancy, next.

As a dog parent, it may not ever cross your mind to think about whether or not they lose their teeth. However, dogs can lose their teeth, and sometimes this can be a cause for concern. Carry on reading to find out everything you need to know about dog teeth, what to do when they fall out and more. Do dogs lose their teeth? Yes. Like their human counterparts, puppies grow a set of baby teeth, which eventually fall out. Baby teeth are pointed and sharp, known by many owners as ‘needle teeth’. Losing these baby teeth is a normal part of puppy development, however, if adult dogs lose teeth, it can be a cause for concern. Find out more about puppy teethinghere, including when the teething process starts and what to expect. Senior dog tooth fell out. What should you do? If your older dog has just lost a tooth, make sure you call your vet for an appointment. Although not essential, bringing the tooth with you will help your vet determine if the tooth is complete, or if there may be some root remaining under the gum. This is more common if the tooth loss is related to trauma to the mouth. Other reasons for tooth loss, include conditions like periodontal disease. Look out for any other unusual signs as well. This will help your vet better understand what has led to the tooth falling out but also allow them to intervene quickly if there are any signs your dog is in pain. Why is my older dog losing teeth?. If you noticed a few of your dog’s teeth missing, and it isn’t due to any dental extraction or injury, then it is likely that your dog is suffering from a canine dental disease. Many gum diseases are caused by inflammation or infection of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth. This can also affect the bone that surrounds the tooth’s root. This is termed periodontal disease and is one of the most common diseases in adult dogs. What are the symptoms of missing teeth in dogs? Often there are no obvious signs of missing teeth in dogs, and they may continue to behave as normal, even if their mouth is painful. However, here are some signs that they may show when they’re about to lose teeth or already missing some of them: • Loss of appetite • Drooling all of a sudden (or more than usual) • Halitosis (bad breath) • Pawing at mouth • Difficulty eating • Eating on one side of the mouth Make sure you call your vet if you notice any of the symptoms above as they could point to conditions such as periodontal disease. How can I help my older dog from losing more of its teeth? If you notice your dog losing their teeth and they are also in pain and showing signs of distress, then you should seek advice from your vet immediately. Do not ever try to remove any loose teeth by yourself. The vet will examine your dog’s mouth and from that will be able to make some recommendations on how to proceed. If your dog has a large build-up of plaque or tartar, they may recommend that your dog has some dental work carried out under a general anaesthetic. They will clean your dog’s teeth, removing tartar with a descaling machine similar to the equipment used by a human dentist. This will help to improve your dog’s dental health and reduce the risk of further tooth loss. What is the treatment for dogs losing their teeth?. All treatments depend on the cause behind your dog’s missing teeth. The vet will recommend the best solution for your furry friend. But these can include anything from teeth cleaning for mild cases of periodontal disease to canals canal treatment and a technique called root planning for more severe disease. Can I prevent my dog from losing its teeth? You can prevent your four-legged friend from losing their teeth by staying on top of dog oral care. It is best to clean your dog’s teeth at least twice a week to remove the bacteria that leads to plaque build-up. It can be tricky to start brushing your dog’s teeth, especially if they are not used to it – which is why it is one of the many things that best introduced to puppies from early in their lives. Make sure to introduce cleaning your dog’s teeth gradually, and always use vet-approved dog toothpaste and toothbrushes. Dog toothpaste comes in lots of enticing flavours such as chicken and beef to make mouthcare far more pleasant for your dog. For many dogs, a toothbrush is a bit intimidating, so you can start off with rubber ‘fingers’ designed for dog toothcare, which just slip onto your finger like a long thimble and have rubber nobbles to clean teeth and massage gums. You can start just by stroking this around the outside of your dog’s lips so they get used to the feel of it before starting to slowly build up to sliding it inside your dog’s lips with some tasty toothpaste on it. Once your dog gets used to this, you can progress to cleaning all of their teeth and even a toothbrush if that is easiest. Do not use human brushes in your dog’s mouth, unless your vet has said it is OK to do so. You should also avoid using human toothpaste, as this is unpleasant tasting for dogs, and it can be harmful if swallowed. Toothpaste that has been formulated specifically for dogs also comes in flavours that dogs find far more appealing than the human versions. You can also use give your dog dental chews such as Purina® Denta Life®. They have chewy, porous textures and ridged designs to help clean their teeth properly and freshen their breath. Dogs losing their teeth can be a cause for concern. If you notice your dog showing any sign of discomfort in its mouth, or you notice some teeth missing, then you should contact your vet right away. To help take care of your dog’s dental health, make sure they don’t start chewing anything hard, and ensure they get good daily oral care. That’s our guide on whether dogs lose their teeth. If you want to learn more about dog teeth and what they look like, ourdog dental chart is full of fascinating facts. Check it out next.

You should contact the vet as soon as you notice something is wrong with your dog. In some cases, however, urgent care is needed while waiting for professional help. This is when owners can step in. Knowing what to do in those moments and how to administer dog first aid can save your pet’s life. Our guide is designed to help you understand how to do dog first aid in different scenarios and when to do it. Take a read below. We recommend speaking to your vet for advice before performing any of the first aid below. With any first aid, there is a risk of injury or harm to your pet if it is performed incorrectly, so you should always seek veterinary guidance. Choking dog first aid There’s a risk of your dog choking at any time, so it’s important to know the signs and what to do. This is our guide to dog first aid for choking. What are the signs of choking in dogs? They’re finding it hard to breath A choking sound when they breathe Pawing at their mouth a lot Blue lips and/or tongue It’s essential not to confuse coughing with choking. Performing first aid for choking if your dog is only coughing could be harmful. Choking is usually sudden and very distressing, and if your dog’s lips or tongue are turning blue this usually indicates choking. If you’re unsure and your dog is still conscious, it’s best to focus on getting to your vet as quickly as possible. How to perform first aid when your dog is choking 1.Look in your dog’s mouth to see if you can see the blockage. 2.Only remove it if it’s safe to do so without being bitten or pushing the object down the throat. Typically, if your dog is choking the object will be too far down the throat to be easily removed through the mouth – and reaching into the mouth risks getting bitten, as your dog may panic. If your dog is choking on a large object like a ball, you may be able to dislodge this externally. If it is safe to do so, lie your dog on their back (you may need assistance)Place your thumbs either side of the base of the throat, just behind the jaw You should be able to feel the object. Apply firm pressure from behind it, pushing it down (towards your dog’s back) and forwards (towards their nose). If you can’t remove the object: 1.Contact your vet and be on your way to see them 2.Lie your dog on their side 3.With an open palm, strike their rib cage firmly 3-4 times 4.Keep repeating until the object is loose or until you’re at the vets If you’re unable to reach a vet quickly and your dog is either unconscious or in severe distress with blue gums and tongue, you can also try a modified Heimlich manoeuvre. However, this can be harmful if performed incorrectly, so speak to your vet before attempting this. For small dogs, pick them up and hold their back to your front, before using your fist to gently but firmly thrust up and into the soft spot just beneath their ribs. For large dogs, lay them down and attempt the manoeuvre using the heel of your hand. If your dog has had an episode of choking and you’ve cleared the obstruction yourself, you should still see a vet urgently to assess your dog for any damage. First aid for when your dog’s not breathing If you notice your dog becoming very lethargic, struggling with their breathing or not breathing at all, you should call your vet immediately. They will be able to talk you through any necessary first aid and prepare to see your pet as an emergency. Dog first aid when you can’t find your pet’s heartbeat If your dog is unconscious and doesn’t have a heartbeat, you must call your vet immediately. Performing dog first aid in the meantime may help but is unlikely to be successful without rapid veterinary attention. If necessary, your vet will be able to advise you on how to perform first aid, but initiating CPR without veterinary advice could cause harm to your pet. Dog first aid for poisoning Your dog might have eaten something toxic to them which could cause poisoning. Many toxins for dogs are everyday items, like chocolate. Call your vet immediately if you suspect poisoning. What are the signs of poisoning in dogs? • Diarrhoea • Out-of-character behaviour • Loss of appetite • Vomiting in dogs • Pale gums • Seizures or collapsing • Lethargy How to perform first aid if your dog is poisoned • Contact your vet straight away and be on your way to see them. • See if you can see any leftovers of the substance in your dog’s mouth. If it’s safe to do so without being bitten, remove it. • Take the substance or the packet to the vet with you so they can assess the best course of action. It’s also good to know how much your dog has ingested. Dog first aid for a cut paw Running around outside can easily cause a cut paw or torn claws. Dogs’ paws get in contact with bacteria as they touch the ground, so it’s important to treat the cut quickly to avoid it getting infected. Here is how to treat a dog’s cut paw. How to treat a dog’s cut paw • Assess the cut – is it deep or a minor cut? If it’s deep, take your dog to a vet immediately. • If you can, rinse the cut with plain water or ideally dilute salt water to remove any obvious dirt. • Apply firm pressure with a piece of bandage material, cotton wool or clean fabric. Keep this on for at least 5 minutes to stop the bleeding, or until you reach the vet if the bleeding continues. • See your vet as soon as possible. It’s best to get a vet to fully assess the paw. Cuts to pads and torn nails can be painful and prone to infection, and there could be foreign material like a thorn trapped inside. They will be able to thoroughly assess your dog and recommend a treatment plan . Dog first aid for a fracture or broken bone If your dog is having difficulty moving or is even limping, it’s a possible that they have a fractured or broken bone. If the bone is broken, you might see the skin is broken. You’ll need to contact your vet immediately if you suspect a fractured bone. How to treat a broken dog bone or fracture • If the skin is broken and there is a visible wound, prevent your dog licking the area and try to keep it as clean as possible while you get to the vets. If necessary, use a clean piece of cloth or bandage to very loosely cover the area. • Do not add a splint as this could cause harm. • Do not give painkillers unless advised to by your vet as many of these are unsafe for dogs. Always be aware of your own safety and the safety of those around you. A dog in pain, especially if they are frightened, can behave unpredictably even though you are trying to help them. Even though you know your dog would never bite in normal circumstances, when hurt, they may behave unpredictably – either through fear or because they are protecting themselves from more pain. We hope this article was helpful. Though these situations are worrying for both you and your pooch, knowing how to perform dog first aid and seeing your vet promptly can save their lives. Next, see our other daily dog care guides on home remedies for dogs, but keep in mind that you should always call the vet first before trying any solutions at home.

Pica in dogs can become quite a serious problem if not taken care of, so it’s best to know all the signs to help you identify the issue quickly and get your pet the help they need. Keep reading to find out some of the most surprising facts about this condition. What is pica in dogs? Pica in dogs is a condition where a dog attempts to chew and eat non-food objects, such as clothing, rubbish, or dirt. Pica can often occur because of behavioural issues such as poor breeding practices and husbandry, lack of socialisation, lack of environmental enrichment, and anxiety but can less commonly be due to medical issues including a poor diet or nutritional insufficiency, illness, and parasites. It can be hard to know what causes pica in each individual dog. It’s important to speak to your vet, as it’s important to rule out clinical issues before suspecting a behavioural cause. Your vet can diagnose and hopefully rule out illness and parasites, as well as look at your dog’s nutritional requirements and advise on how they could be changed if necessary. What are the symptoms of pica in dogs? Eating objects not intended for ingestion can be very harmful. Dogs can choke, develop an obstruction or other serious digestive issues, or even poison themselves if they eat the wrong thing. If your dog is eating non-food items, look out for these symptoms: VomitingDiarrhoea or constipationAbdominal pain(looking uncomfortable or looking round at stomach)ChokingLethargyBad breathBloated stomachDamaged teeth (some dogs with pica eat stones, chew bricks etc) Any time your dog eats something potentially toxic, damaging, or just worrying, you should speak to your vet to find out whether they need urgent treatment. For some items or substances, inducing vomiting as soon as they’re eaten is the best option so don’t delay in seeking help. If your dog is eating things they shouldn’t repeatedly, start by asking your vet for help to diagnose or rule out clinical causes. Any non-food item eaten could potentially make your dog very sick and it’s better to understand about pica early on so you can prevent it from getting worse and treat it. What are the causes of pica in dogs? This can depend on whether your dog has pica due to a behavioural issue or a health reason. These will require different treatments and it may be hard to find the answer straight away; diagnosis is usually based on ruling out potential causes. Your vet will be able to look at the clinical causes and by talking to a behaviourist, you can get to the bottom of behavioural ones. Poor breeding Pica in puppies or young dogs can be the result of poor breeding practices – especially in puppy farmed dogs, back yard breeders or illegal imports. A lack of enrichment in the environment coupled with deficient or inappropriate feeding can lead puppies to gnaw and chew at whatever things they do have access to such as stone, bricks, wood, sawdust, straw etc. This can be something that they continue even when no longer in an impoverished environment. Anxiety Just like humans, dogs can resort to inappropriate behaviours when they are stressed or anxious in an attempt to soothe themselves. Gnawing and chewing reduces stress in dogs, and so finding objects that enable them to fulfil this self-soothing need can help them feel less worried or anxious. Some go on from just gnawing and chewing, to ingesting. This is regularly seen in dogs who are left alone for too long (or at all if they have separation related behaviour issues) but also if there are things in their environment that are causing stress. This could be anything such as unusual or loud noises, builders, domestic changes, new home, new pets etc. Boredom or lack of enrichment We all know that dogs need at least one walk a day to give them the physical exercise that they need – but they need far more enrichment than just that. They also require their need for mental stimulation and social interaction to be fulfilled in order to keep them healthy and happy and prevent behaviour problems. This means play, problem solving games and activities, and a chance to get an outlet for their own breed-specific or individual-specific hard-wired behaviours - along with their natural canine behaviours. This might be digging or chasing or scenting… and it may well include gnawing and chewing. Without these outlets, dogs can become bored and develop all kinds of behaviour problems – and one of these is pica. Once you have ruled out a clinical cause, an accredited behaviourist can help you identify any shortfalls in your dog’s enrichment programme and help treat pica. Health issues There are many medical issues that can cause pica such as anaemia, liver or pancreatic disease, hormonal conditions, gastrointestinal disease and many more. Medication Steroid treatments and some other medications can cause an increased appetite in your dog and this increased hunger can lead to pica. See your vet as soon as you notice abnormal eating behaviour and they may suggest either a change of diet or a change of feeding routine such as giving more frequent meals of smaller amounts so the desire for food is satisfied more times in the day. You can also look at ways of making meal times last longer – such as a slow feeder or food dispensing toys. Other reasons for pica in dogs Some dogs may get pica for other reasons that are natural in origin but that become habitual. One of the common forms of pica is coprophagia, the eating of faeces. This can be their own faeces or the faeces of others. While owners find it disgusting, there are natural reasons for this. Puppies born and reared in barren environments can develop the habit as there is nothing else to interact with in the environment, and this can continue in their new home. Eating the faeces of other animals can happen because to a dog, it smells or tastes good (an example is cat faeces as it is very high in protein – and of course dogs can ingest the litter as well as the poo). It can however also happen because they have nutritional deficiencies so as always, your vet is the first port of call. While we may think it is pretty disgusting, one of the ‘jobs’ that brought dogs into the lives of our distant ancestors was being able to ‘tidy up’ in this way – and of course nursing mothers will lick the bottoms of their puppies to encourage bowel movements and then clean up afterwards. Lastly, often owners encourage it in their dogs – not intentionally of course! They become so determined to prevent the behaviour that they rush to pick up the poo as soon as it happens and so just convince their dogs of its value. After all, if you want it so much, it must be good! Can my puppy get pica? You may find that your puppy tries to chew and eat things that they shouldn’t, but there is a big difference between normal puppy curiosity and pica. Chewing things in puppies isn’t usually something to worry about, as long as they don’t eat anything harmful. Puppies will be naturally curious and the only way they have to interact with their environment in their early weeks is to put things in their mouth. Making sure your puppy has plenty of enrichment opportunities and toys that they can enjoy chewing and gnawing – and that are far more fun than the things that don’t belong to them or that could be hazardous. As puppies grow up and discover more about the world – and have lots of enrichment, play and exercise, they will have other ways to interact with their environment rather than put it in their mouth! Just make sure you’re keeping dangerous objects out of their way and try to avoid them getting interested in other animals’ faeces, which can be riskier for them to consume. How will my vet diagnose pica? If your dog is regularly eating non-food items they have pica. Why it is happening can be harder to diagnose. Diagnosing clinical causes of pica in dogs can take a bit of time. There may be quite a few tests your vet will do to rule out certain medical issues. Emergencies If you don’t know whether your dog ingested something, they may need to check for that first, and if a potentially harmful object has been ingested, they may also need to run tests to locate it so it can be removed. Other tests will be required to see if pica has been caused by another health problem. Lab work Lab work will help determine certain medical conditions and can also show if your dog has ingested a non-food item. This may include a blood count, faecal check, urinalysis and serum chemistry profile. X-ray This may be carried out if your dog has potentially swallowed a foreign object, which in many cases will show up on the x-ray. This will also help them to locate the object and assess how severe an obstruction it might be. Ultrasound Your vet may alternatively recommend an ultrasound to check for foreign objects, especially if the object is a material that might not show up on x-ray. An ultrasound can also be helpful to assess organs like the liver, pancreas or bowels. Nutritional deficiencies Your vet will also be able to run tests to ascertain if your dog have a nutritional deficiency that is causing them to eat non-food items. If nothing unusual comes back from these tests, your can be confident that this is most likely a behaviour issue. An accredited behaviourist will be able to help get to the bottom of the causes and work with you on a behaviour modification plan. How is pica in dogs treated? Treatment of pica can vary depending on whether it is a behavioural or medical problem. Your vet should give you more details on what will be needed for your dog if it is a clinical issue. If your dog has ingested something dangerous, this may require a stay at the vets and surgery to retrieve the object before the underlying issue can be treated. Treating medical pica This will depend on the underlying issue causing your dog’s pica and will be suggested by your vet. Treatment may include medication, diet change, further tests and regular check-ups. Treating behavioural pica After taking a full history and looking at your dog’s background, routine, and lifestyle, they will be able to see what the likely causes are and how to address them. They may suggest improved or different enrichment, outlets for hard-wired behaviours, ways of helping your dog feel more secure and safer in their environment – it all depends on what the root cause of the pica is. It is worth remembering that in behaviour cases, pica is just a symptom. It isn’t so much a case of ‘stopping the pica’ as it is of finding out what is driving your dog to feel they have to do this behaviour and addressing that. Can I prevent pica in my dog? Whilst medical issues may be hard to avoid, maintaining a good diet for your dog and an appropriate feeding schedule, will help promote a healthy body and mind. Some dog breeds, such as Labradors, are actually more prone to pica due to their appetites, but this can still be reduced by ensuring your dog is active, has appropriate enrichment, and is kept stress-free and happy. If your dog already has pica or you want to avoid it as best as you can, here are some tips: Introduce plenty of enrichments and dog games and puzzles to keep them engaged day-to-day.Give them an outlet for their breed/type specific behaviours as this will help to keep them content.Make sure your dog gets a daily walk – and ideally split their exercise times into several times a day to break up the boredom of being stuck inside for hours on end.If you work or have to leave your dog for a long period of time, find someone who can take them out or keep them company for a while.Chewing and gnawing is a natural behaviour for dogs. Provide them with safe chew toys that they enjoy so they don’t chew items around the house.Observe them inside and outside to make sure they aren’t eating things they shouldn’t.Remove temptation especially with puppies. Put things away, don’t leave items on ‘dog height, and tidy up anything that lands on the floor.Keep potentially dangerous objects out of reach. For example, bottles with chemicals should not be kept on the floor or in low cupboards, and small or fragile objects that can lodge or break in their throat should be cleared away.Don’t rush to pick up poo as you only increase its value in your dog’s eyes. Instead (if your dog is eating their own poo) take a few smelly treats your dog loves and as soon as they have finished, throw the treats a couple of meters away. While they are eating the treats, you can quietly clean up. If they are eating other animals’ faeces, keep them on a long line so you can guide them away – and always reward them for leaving it alone (whether it was their idea or not!). Keep cat litter trays somewhere that is cat accessible but not dog accessible. If you suspect your dog has pica, do not try to treat it on your own. Always make sure you check in with your vet and behaviourist so you can offer your dog the best care.

Have you noticed an unusual swelling on your dog’s body? Wondering if it could be an abscess? Dogs can develop them just like humans and cats. Although they may not be as immediately noticeable in dogs due to all their luscious fur, they can nevertheless cause pain and discomfort. Keep reading to find out more about dog abscesses, how to tell when your best friend is affected and what to expect when you take them to the vet to be treated. What are dog abscesses? A dog abscess is a pocket of pus that can appear anywhere on their body: under the skin, at the root of a tooth, in the anal glands or on the paws. More rarely, abscesses can even show up internally in the liver, brain and other organs. The swelling is due to both the pus itself, which is an accumulation of white blood cells and bacteria, but also inflammation of the surrounding tissues. Abscesses are almost always due to an infection, although this may be secondary to another underlying cause. What are the signs of an abscess in dogs? A sudden, unusual swelling is the typical sign of an abscess. But you should keep an eye out for other clinical signs (or symptoms) as well. These will differ depending on the area where the abscess has developed. For skin abscesses, you should expect one or more of the following signs: • Swelling • Redness • Hair loss around the affected area • Biting or licking a particular area • Fluid oozing out of the abscess if it starts to burst. This might be difficult to spot due to your pet’s fur, but a strong odour usually accompanies the pus coming from the abscess. What are the signs of a tooth abscess in dogs If you’re worried an abscess may be affecting one of your dog’s teeth, here are the most common symptoms: • Swelling • Reluctance for you to touch their face • Lack of appetite • Lethargy • Drooling • Fever • Bad breath However, your dog may not show any of these signs. Dogs are very stoic when dealing with dental pain and it’s very rare for them to go off their food. Tooth root abscesses are often present for a long time before they’re noticed, and signs can be subtle. Some owners will only notice a change in their dog after the abscess is treated, as they may become more playful and happier once the pain is gone. If you notice any of the above signs or any swelling that is unusual, contact the vet to have your dog checked out. Dog abscesses are usually easy to treat, but if left to develop they can lead to more serious issues, especially if the infection stays in the body for too long or it starts to spread. Plus, remember that the abscess will also be making your pup feel uncomfortable. So, the quicker you and the vet come up with a plan to treat it, the faster you can get your friend to feel better and happier. What are the causes of abscesses in dogs? Wounds or scratches are the main causes of skin abscesses. This is because they provide bacteria the opportunity to get into your dog’s system. The wound closes as the skin heals, but bacteria trapped under the skin may cause an abscess to form. Biting or scratching hot spots and insect bites can also start the same process of bacteria accumulation and can lead to an abscess. Abscesses also commonly form around trapped grass seeds or thorns that have become trapped in the skin. Dog tooth abscesses are caused by poor dental health or trauma in the mouth area due to foreign objects or broken teeth; this is one reason why your vet may recommend extracting fractured teeth. You can find out more about how to take care of your dog’s teeth with our helpful guide. Anal gland abscesses are also relatively common in dogs. These can occur secondary to underlying allergies or disease, or as a result of the anal glands becoming overly full and impacted. How are abscesses treated in dogs? Your vet will be able to assess the severity of your dog’s abscess and recommend the best treatment. This usually involves pain relief alongside antibiotics which will have to be given to the dog for as long as the vet prescribes to fully eradicate the bacteria, even if the pet’s condition improves during the treatment. The vet will likely also try to remove the pocket of pus by draining it or intervening surgically; this is especially important if foreign material like a grass seed is present. For tooth abscesses, treatment usually consists of extracting the affected tooth. Antibiotics aren’t usually recommended without extraction as the abscess is highly likely to return in a short space of time. You may be asked to return in a week or two so the vet can assess any changes in the way the affected area looks and how the dog is responding to the treatment. What to do if your dog’s skin abscess bursts? The first thing you need to do is clean and disinfect the area as best as you can. Wipe the pus away with a piece of clean cloth or cotton wool and gently bathe the area with dilute salt water. Remember to be gentle to avoid causing too much discomfort to your pup; if they are too painful, you should leave the area alone and prioritise seeing your vet. If there is bleeding, apply gentle but firm pressure until it stops. To make cleaning easier, you can also clip the fur around the area if tolerated. You should then see your vet to make sure the abscess is fully drained and there are no more bacteria that can kick-start the process of forming a skin abscess again. The vet will also help you identify the cause and recommend ways to prevent it from happening in the future. Depending on the area and severity of the abscess, the dog might be prescribed antibiotics and pain relief as well. Can you prevent dog abscesses from forming again? Although there is no absolute certainty that your dog won’t be back at the vet with an abscess, there are a few things owners can do to help minimise the risk. Treating wounds Keep an eye on wounds and scratches. As soon as you identify one, clean it with dilute salt water. Discuss with your vet if there are any topical disinfectants you could use at home to prevent wounds from getting infected. The priority for most wounds is to give them an initial clean, then keep them dry and away from dirt to let the body heal; using ointments and creams can slow this process. Flea prevention Parasites like fleas can also lead to skin abscesses in dogs. Whether it’s the bite itself or your dog scratching it too much, bacteria can find its way into the affected area which may lead to abscesses. Ask your vet what are the best ways to deal with fleas and check out our guide to recognising and preventing dog fleas. Keeping teeth clean Keeping on top of your dog’s dental hygiene is the best way to keep the chances of tooth abscesses low. Dog teeth cleaning is important and should be part of your daily routine together. If not possible to clean your dog’s teeth every day, aim to do so at least 3-4 times each week. Consider adding dog dental chews or Veterinary Oral Health Council-approved dental supplements to your pet's dental care routine to help keep their gums and teeth healthier. Anal gland check-ups If your dog shows signs of scooting or bothering their back end, get their anal glands checked by your vet. Some dogs need regular anal gland expression to prevent them from over-filling and becoming impacted. We hope you found our guide to dealing with dog abscesses helpful. If you're looking for more dog hygiene tips, read our dog grooming guide, next.

A new study has revealed that there are many benefits of a dog that some of us might not have considered. A poll of 1,265 dog owners in the UK was commissioned by Purina and has revealed the positive impact that owning a dog can have on your mental and physical health and social life. See the fascinating results below! How does having a dog benefit your mental and physical health? The results of the Purina survey highlighted the benefits of having a dog on mental and physical health. 82% of people felt that going on a dog walk allows them to escape from their daily life pressures and improves their mental health. Only 7% thought it didn’t have any impact. Not only have these outdoor walks positively impacted mental health, but 69% of participant dog owners agreed that their fitness has improved since owning a dog as well. This is supported by 79% of dog owners agreeing that owning a dog has encouraged them to become more active outdoors. 59% said that they take 8 or more walks a week with their dog, with 31% even saying that they spend 9+ hours outdoors each week. Dog owners also claimed to visit a variety of places outdoors. The local park was the most popular with 60% of participants walking their dogs there. Street walks through cities and towns were also popular with 48% of respondents. Dog owners are finding many places that create a stimulating environment to walk their pets, and it’s clear that we humans find the walks enjoyable and refreshing too. Overall, the research shows that owning a dog means spending more regular and scheduled periods outside which, in turn, improves mental health by providing moments of escape from life’s daily stresses. How does having a dog benefit your social life? The positive correlation between walking dogs and the dog owner’s social life is clear in the results of this study. 66% of those surveyed have disclosed owning a dog and taking them out for walks has encouraged them to be more social with new people. Just 2% of those surveyed believed that owning a dog has made them less sociable. This was supported by 79% of participants agreeing that they’re more likely to talk to a new person when they’re out with their dog than when they are without them. This statistic is also reflected in their confidence in talking to people, with 59% agreeing they are more confident talking to new people when walking their dog. Just under 1 in 2 (44%) of respondents even said that they have made a new friend when out on a dog walk. The same goes for their furry friends – 67% of dog owners said that their dog had also made a friend whilst on a walk. From this study, the evidence shows the benefits of having a dog on a dog owner’s social life, with some of these increasingly confident interactions even developing into friendships. Considering adopting a dog? The positive results of this poll might just have convinced you to consider adopting a dog! Of course, you’ll want to be prepared for this and we have just the right articles on getting a dog to support you. If you’re still undecided, see our article ‘Should I get a dog?’ We even have a specific guide on the benefits of dogs with children if you’re wondering how dogs and children can live together.