Health

Even if your dog is blind, nothing can dampen their adventurous, fun-loving spirit! Dogs cope well with the loss of their sight, and all it takes is certain changes to the way they are looked after to get them back on their paws. In fact, if allowances are made for the loss of their eyesight, your dog’s life should be every inch as good as it was before. What are the causes of blindness in dogs? Blindness in dogs can develop for many reasons; there’s no need to blame yourself or wonder what went wrong. Blindness may: • Be present from birth. • Be acquired later in life as the result of a traumatic injury or disease. Simply be related to the ageing of your dog’s senses. Some inherited causes of blindness can be tested for in the parents of your dog, or in young puppies before you take them home. Inherited causes tend to be seen in certain breeds – for example, blindness is more common in Collies due to a condition called ‘Collie eye anomaly’. When considering buying a purebred puppy, speak to your vet about the potential problems certain breeds can inherit. This way, you should know more about your chances of eventually caring for a blind dog, and decide if you are ready to take the risk. If you suspect your dog is losing their vision at any time, consult your vet. Some conditions causing such signs of blindness are very treatable – for example, cataracts can be removed. This is why it’s always good to check, even if your dog seems to be doing very well without their eyesight. Is my dog blind? If your dog is blind, there are a few things you might notice about your dog’s behaviour: • Most obviously, dogs that bump into things may be losing their sight. • If your dog is blind in one eye, they may be startled by sudden movements on their blind side – they won’t have seen you or something else coming. • Dogs that go suddenly blind may be disorientated and distressed. • You may notice an abnormality when looking at the eyes of your dog – perhaps something that doesn’t look like it used to. You know them best! • Your dog might not follow your hand or a treat when it’s moved, even though their energy and tail-wagging enthusiasm is just as high as it should be. If you are concerned about your dog's eyesight, arrange for an examination by your vet as some conditions can be effectively treated, preventing further vision loss. However, sudden blindness in dogs is a veterinary emergency, and may cause your pet to become disorientated or distressed – in these cases, you should act quickly.

As dogs get older, it can be quite common for them to develop cancer. According to? Pets Web MD, more than 50% of dogs aged over 10 years will develop cancer at some point in their lifetime, so it’s important for you to know the signs of this disease and what treatments are available. Find out everything you need to know with our guide. Just like with people, dogs can suffer from cancer, particularly as they get older. In part, this is because our dogs are living longer as a result of improved veterinary and daily care, but unfortunately, old age still comes its own problems. The good news is that when caught early, cancer is usually very treatable. Knowing what signs of cancer to look out for in dogs and understanding when to seek help from your vet can help you to catch it early. Sings of cancer in dogs

Whether you’ve got a sniffle or something more serious, you may be worried about the potential risks for your four-legged friend. We’ve put together this guide to tell you everything you need to know about dog colds and flu to help you better understand your pet. When the trees start to lose their leaves and we have to defrost the car each morning, we know one thing for certain – cold and flu season is on the way. This has just become a natural fact for humans and we’re no stranger to stock piling tissues and tablets, but what about our four-legged friends? Can dogs get colds? No, dogs don’t get colds in the same way that humans do and they cannot catch the cold virus that causes symptoms in humans. However, dogs can get infections that create symptoms like a cold, such as sneezing and congestion. In general, these ‘dog colds’ are specific to that species, so you won’t be able to catch the same cold as your dog either. Can dogs catch a cold from humans? If you have a sniffle or cough, you may be worried that you may pass the illness onto your companion, but you’ll be glad to know that this isn’t possible. Dogs are not affected by the common cold virus that infects humans. Can dogs get the flu? Dogs also can’t get the same type of flu as humans, but they can get canine flu. The symptoms are relatively similar to flu in humans but have a different cause. Your dog may experience the following: sneezing, runny nose, coughing, lethargy, lack of appetite and fever. Dog flu is easily spread between other canines once they’ve been exposed to the illness, and according to Pets Web MD, if your dog is exposed to an infected dog, the chances of them getting it are very high. And while humans can’t get ill from dog flu, if you’ve been in contact with an infected dog, there is a possibility that you could pass it onto your dog too. Dog flu can live for a few minutes on your skin, but up to a day on your clothes. If you’re around an infected dog, make sure you change and wash your clothes before you see any other dogs. Other dog specific illnesses: Just like in humans, there’s a variety of conditions that might seem like dog colds and flu, a few of the most common are as follows: • Kennel cough: a respiratory infection characterised by a dry cough which will sound like a honking. If you think your dog has kennel cough, contact your vet right away. • Dog allergies: your four-legged friend can suffer from seasonal and environmental allergies, similar to how humans get hay-fever. • Canine distemper: Your dog should be vaccinated against this with their initial puppy vaccinations. Canine distemper can be life threatening, which is one of the many reasons it’s incredibly important for your dog to be vaccinated.

Many dogs suffer from kennel cough at least once in their lives. Read our guide to find out about possible symptoms and how to treat it. Many dogs get kennel cough during their lives. It’s a common infection of the respiratory system with symptoms like coughing and hacking. It sounds bad but usually clears up without needing treatment. Read our guide to find out what causes kennel cough in dogs, how it’s spread and how to treat it. What is kennel cough? Kennel cough is the common name for canine infectious tracheobronchitis. It’s a respiratory infection in dogs caused by a wide range of bacteria and viruses. Kennel cough is highly contagious and the main symptom is a harsh, hacking cough. Kennel cough creates an inflammation of the dog’s upper respiratory tract, including the trachea (wind pipe) and larynx (voice box). What causes kennel cough in dogs? The illness can be caused by a number of different bacteria and viruses, and sometimes a combination of both. Dogs become infected when they inhale these bacteria or virus particles into their respiratory tract. The most common cause is a bacteria strain called Bordetella bronchiseptica, which is why some people call kennel cough Bordetella. But dogs are more likely to be infected by Bordetella when their immune system is weakened, usually by an infection from a virus. Some viruses known to make dogs more susceptible to kennel cough include canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine herpes, parainfluenza virus and canine reovirus.

Having puppies is both exciting and exhausting for you and your pet. Whilst it’s wonderful to welcome adorable bundles of fur into your home, it’s hard work for a new mum to grow, deliver and look after a mischievous litter! Therefore it’s more important than ever for you to make sure your dog is getting everything theyneeds from theirfood. Eating right will make sure that both mum and her puppies are happy and healthy. Although adult-formula food is great for everyday use, your dog will need an extra boost of nutrients when pregnant, especially if they'reexpecting a large litter. Mums-to-be can get the higher amount of energy and protein that dogs need from a high quality puppy food. Feeding your pregnant dog a puppy formula will help to support your pet during and after pregnancy. Your dog’s body condition (and any other medical requirements) can affect what nutritional demands your petwill have when expecting. You can find out more about your dog’s body condition with our body conditioning tool.

Whether your dog is an energetic puppy or a fully grown adult they will rarely, if ever, need their nails trimmed. But it’s still a good idea to keep an eye on your dog’s nails – and know how to clip them, just in case! When you go for walks together, hard surfaces such as the pavement will naturally wear your dog’s nails down, which leaves you with very little work to do. However, if your dog’s nails aren’t looking after themselves, their untrimmed nails can break, bleed or even grow into their feet, causing them a lot of discomfort. If your furry friend is a senior, walking on overgrown dog nails can cause pain if they have arthritic feet. But what should you look out for? Hearing a 'click-click-click' noise as they walk on hard floors is the most obvious sign that your dog’s nails need a clip. Dog nail clipping is relatively simple, but you need to know how to correctly clip your dog’s claws to avoid causing damage or pain, which is easily done by accident. To make things easier and less stressful for your dog and you, always consult your vet or veterinary nurse before attempting to clip your dog’s claws at home. How to clip your dog’s nails If your dog hasn’t had their nails clipped before, or if you haven’t clipped dogs’ nails yourself, it can be a strange experience for both of you! However, if you prepare well, keep your dog calm, and follow these simple steps you’ll be done in no time. And of course, if you’re still not sure, your vet will be happy to help. Before you start • If your dog is a bit nervous, stressed or upset about having his nails clipped, or at worst tries to nip you, do not try to clip his nails yourself – it’s fine to ask your vet to do it. • Most veterinary practices have clinics where dog nail clipping can be done easily and cheaply. This takes the stress away, and you’ll know your dog is being looked after by an expert. • This is especially true if his nails are very overgrown, have grown into the pad, or you have no one to help you. Trying to do it alone for the first time can be tricky for anyone! Clipping your dog’s nails • Had a tutorial from your vet/veterinary nurse? You’re ready to go! First of all, ensure you purchase the correct type of dog nail clippers from your veterinary practice or groomer. • Only use nail trimmers that have been specifically designed for pets, and ensure they are sharp and well-maintained to make the job as easy as possible. • Depending on the size of your dog, sit him on your lap, or sit on the floor next to him – he’ll find the closeness reassuring, as well as it being practical. • Ask a friend or family member to help by holding your dog’s head and providing reassurance. Even if he’s not a fan of having his nail clipped, he’ll probably enjoy the fuss! • Hold your dog's paws firmly and push lightly on the pads to make the dog nail stick out. • Starting at the very end of his nail, clip at a 45-degree angle with the cutting end of the nail clipper towards the nail. Dark dog nails If you dog has dark nails trim very thin cuttings off the end, as it’s easy to accidentally damage the ‘quick’ or soft part of the nail. If you see a black dot in the centre of his nail, you have reached the quick and should stop cutting right away. Again, your vet or veterinary nurse can help you work out how much nail to remove. White dog nails On white dog nails, the quick is in the pink section (which you cannot see in black nails) – again, try hard not to nick it! The quick contains nerves and blood vessels that when nicked will bleed easily. How often should you clip your dog’s nails? Dog nail clipping, if necessary at all, should preferably be carried out once a week, but at least twice a month depending on your dog’s needs and how often you walk on roads. It's better to take off small amounts more often than to remove large portions every once in a while. What to do if your dog’s nails bleed • Have silver nitrate sticks, which are available from your vet, and cotton wool balls nearby in case you do accidentally nick the dog nail quick. • If so, and it bleeds, don't panic – it can happen to all of us. Calmly apply the silver nitrate to the end of the claw and press it with a cotton wool ball for a moment. • If the bleeding doesn’t stop, consult your vet immediately for further help with your dog nail clipping technique. • Silver nitrate may sting, so ask your helper to hold your dog if the need arises.

Arthritis in dogs is the biggest cause of chronic pain, particularly in older pets. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, your pet can continue to lead a happy life. Arthritis in dogs is an extremely common condition and the main cause of chronic pain in dogs. According to Canine Arthritis Management, Osteoarthritis affects an estimated four out of five older dogs, and sadly it’s progressive – meaning that it cannot be cured and gradually worsens. However, there are plenty of management options available to help slow the disease progression and alleviate the symptoms. Many dogs continue to live a happy and otherwise healthy life after diagnosis. If you suspect your senior dog has arthritis, you’ll probably be wondering about the symptoms and the current dog arthritis treatment and management options available. To help, we’ve created this guide to tell you everything you need to know about arthritis in dogs. What is arthritis in dogs? There are different types of arthritis in dogs, but usually we are referring to Osteoarthritis (OA). In a healthy joint, the bone surfaces are covered in a thin layer of smooth cartilage with a small amount of joint fluid to lubricate them – this allows them to glide over each other without friction so your dog can move freely. In a joint affected with OA, there is degeneration of the cartilage and underlying bone, leading to joint instability and pain. The process is a cycle, with these structural changes causing further inflammation and degeneration. This can also cause bone remodelling where there is new bone growth further affecting joint movement as well as weakening of the soft tissue structures around the joint – the muscles, tendons and ligaments.

Keeping your elderly dog at a healthy weight is super important. Just like us, senior dogs often get less energetic as they age and so are prone to weight gain. This may mean they don't need as much food or that they need a change of diet. Extra weight can make older dogs less active and mobile, and even worse; it is associated with health problems like osteoarthritis, diabetes, and some cancers – along with difficulties breathing, and a reluctance to exercise or play. Sudden weight loss can also be a sign of underlying health issues, so it's important to monitor your dog's weight closely. We'll discuss how to recognize the signs of weight changes in your senior dog and provide tips on how to maintain a healthy weight throughout their golden years. Understanding Weight Changes in Older Dogs Changes in Metabolism and Activity Levels in Senior Dogs As your dog gets older, several things happen that affect their metabolism. Here's how ageing slows things down: Muscle Loss: Muscle is the engine that burns calories. Sadly, as dogs age, they tend to lose muscle mass, especially if they're not as active. This means their bodies naturally burn fewer calories even when resting. Decreased Physical Activity: Older dogs often become less playful and energetic. This decline in activity level further reduces the number of calories they burn throughout the day. All these factors combined mean that senior dogs need fewer calories compared to when they were puppies, and sometimes adulthood. If they continue to eat the same amount of the same foods, those extra calories get stored as fat, leading to weight gain. Common Health Issues That Might Impact Senior Dogs Weight Keeping your senior dog at a healthy weight is crucial, but it can be tricky sometimes as they become more susceptible to certain health problems. Here's a closer look at some of the most common issues senior dogs face: ArthritisDiabetesHypothyroidismHeart DiseaseKidney Disease Arthritis The pain and stiffness from arthritis can make exercise difficult for your dog. Exercise is a great way to burn calories, so limited activity due to arthritis can make weight loss, if needed, challenging. Diabetes Managing diabetes often involves medication and a carefully controlled diet. Some pets will have lost weight by the time their diabetes is diagnosed, and will need to be helped to re-gain weight, and others may be overweight, and need to lose some weight, so veterinary guidance can be helpful on your pet’s individual weight management. Hypothyroidism This condition slows down the metabolism, making it harder for your dog to burn calories. Even with a controlled diet, weight loss can be challenging with hypothyroidism. Heart Disease Senior dogs with heart problems, specifically congestive heart failure, may not be able to tolerate very strenuous exercise, which can limit calorie burning. Kidney Disease Advanced kidney disease can sometimes affect a dog's appetite, making it difficult to control calorie intake. These health issues can definitely complicate weight management. However, it's important to remember that even small improvements in weight can make a big difference for your senior dog's health. Work with your vet to develop a safe and effective weight management plan that considers your dog's individual needs and limitations. Signs of Healthy and Unhealthy Weight Changes Healthy weight changes for older dogs happen slowly and come with positive signs. When losing weight, your dog should have more energy, look better, and gradually become slimmer. So, check these signs to find out if your elderly dog is losing weight? If your dog is gaining weight, they should eat more, look fuller, and put on weight steadily. Unhealthy weight changes are quick and often come with worrying symptoms. Rapid weight loss or weight gain in older dogs, less activity, trouble breathing, and muscle loss are all red flags. If you see any of these, it's important to see your vet right away. It's best to talk to your vet before making big changes to your dog’s diet or exercise routine. They can give you advice on getting and keeping a healthy weight for your older dog. Regular check-ups help track your dog's progress and find solutions to any problems. Role of Senior Dog Food and Weight Control As our canine companions age, their dietary needs change. Like us, senior dogs often experience a decrease in activity level, which can contribute to weight gain. To support their overall health, it's crucial to provide a diet specifically formulated for older dogs. While, on the other hand, some senior dogs might encounter weight loss due to underlying health issues. In these cases, a specialised diet designed to promote weight gain can be beneficial. To address these varying needs, there are specific senior dog food options available. By selecting the right diet for your ageing friend, you can help them maintain a healthy weight and enjoy a happy, comfortable retirement. Benefits of Senior Dog Food for Weight Management Senior dog food is formulated with the specific needs of older dogs in mind. These formulas often contain: Reduced Calories: to help maintain a healthy weight and avoid obesity.Higher Quality Protein: helps maintain muscle mass and is easier to digest.Joint Supportive Ingredients: both glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids can be found in senior food which can help maintain healthy cartilage and joints. Key ingredients to look for: Highly Digestible Protein Sources: chicken, fish, or turkey that are easier for senior dogs to digest.Healthy Fats: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for skin and coat health, as well as cognitive function. Look for foods that include sources like fish oil.Fiber: can aid digestion and help your senior dog feel fuller for longer. As your dog ages, you might find that changing their feeding schedule is more beneficial for them, feeding them smaller amounts more frequently so their digestive systems are not put under the stress of large meals. Purina’s Vet expert Adam Rampling adds "A healthy diet is vital for senior dogs. High quality, complete, senior foods are specially adapted to suit the needs of ageing dogs." Differences Between Regular and Senior Dog Food to Help Your Dog Maintain a Healthy Weight FeatureRegular Dog FoodSenior Dog FoodCalorie ContentHigherLowerProtein ContentModerate to HighHigher Quality Protein, may be higher contentFat ContentModerate to HighMay be LowerJoint Supportive IngredientsNot Typically IncludedOften Include Glucosamine Remember to always consult your vet before switching your senior dog's food. They can help you choose the right formula based on your dog's individual needs and health conditions. Exercise for Older Dogs While a dog can be considered a senior from the age of seven, many remain active and don’t require immediate adjustments to their exercise routine. However, for older dogs with mobility issues or underlying health conditions, while it’s crucial to maintain physical activity for their overall health, we must adapt their exercise regimen accordingly. Here are some fun ways to keep them active without straining their bodies: Walking Shorter, more frequent walks are often preferable to long, single outings. For dogs with limited mobility, consider using a dog stroller or a front-clip harness to provide support. Always choose flat, even terrain and avoid challenging conditions like hot pavement or slippery surfaces. Swimming This low-impact exercise is a wonderful option for senior dogs with joint pain. Hydrotherapy can help keep joints mobile. Consult your vet to find a reputable canine hydrotherapy pool near you. Gentle Play Avoid games that require sudden stops or turn (such as chasing balls or frisbees. Instead introduce low impact games such as following scents and finding hidden objects. If your dog loves tug of war games, keep these gentle, let them pull you rather than the other way round and don’t lift the toy upwards. Indoor Activities Rainy days? No problem! Enrichment games and puzzle toys with treats or "Hide the Toy" indoors are great ways to keep your dog active without going outside. Remember: Always listen to your dog. Watch for signs of fatigue like panting, lagging, or loss of interest. Take frequent breaks and offer plenty of fresh water. It's important to consult your veterinarian before starting any new exercise routine, especially if your dog has any underlying health conditions. Rapid weight loss in an old dog is often a cause for concern and requires immediate veterinary attention. They can help you create a safe and effective exercise plan tailored to your senior dog's needs and limitations. High quality nutrition developed with Purina vets for lifelong wellbeing. Benefits of Regular Vet Check-Ups for Senior Dogs Regular vet check-ups are essential for maintaining your senior dog's optimal health, including their weight. Sudden weight loss in older dogs can be a sign of an underlying health issue and should prompt an immediate visit to your vet. A professional can accurately assess your dog’s body condition, create a tailored weight management plan, and detect early signs of weight-related health problems. By working closely with your vet, you can help your senior companion achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Conclusion As our dogs age, their care requires adjustments. Veterinarian-approved senior food ensures essential nutrients, promoting healthy weight, muscle strength, and joint support. Gentle activities like walks, swimming, or playtime keep them mobile and engaged. Maintaining a healthy weight is vital, reducing stress on joints and allowing them to enjoy their golden years. Remember, regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for early detection of any health concerns. By prioritising these simple yet vital aspects of senior dog care, we can ensure our dogs experience a long, healthy, and joyful life by our side.

Have you noticed an unusual swelling on your dog’s body? Wondering if it could be an abscess? Dogs can develop them just like humans and cats. Although they may not be as immediately noticeable in dogs due to all their luscious fur, they can nevertheless cause pain and discomfort. Keep reading to find out more about dog abscesses, how to tell when your best friend is affected and what to expect when you take them to the vet to be treated. What are dog abscesses? A dog abscess is a pocket of pus that can appear anywhere on their body: under the skin, at the root of a tooth, in the anal glands or on the paws. More rarely, abscesses can even show up internally in the liver, brain and other organs. The swelling is due to both the pus itself, which is an accumulation of white blood cells and bacteria, but also inflammation of the surrounding tissues. Abscesses are almost always due to an infection, although this may be secondary to another underlying cause. What are the signs of an abscess in dogs? A sudden, unusual swelling is the typical sign of an abscess. But you should keep an eye out for other clinical signs (or symptoms) as well. These will differ depending on the area where the abscess has developed. For skin abscesses, you should expect one or more of the following signs: SwellingRednessHair loss around the affected areaBiting or licking a particular areaFluid oozing out of the abscess if it starts to burst. This might be difficult to spot due to your pet’s fur, but a strong odour usually accompanies the pus coming from the abscess. What are the signs of a tooth abscess in dogs If you’re worried an abscess may be affecting one of your dog’s teeth, here are the most common symptoms: SwellingReluctance for you to touch their faceLack of appetiteLethargyDroolingFeverBad breath However, your dog may not show any of these signs. Dogs are very stoic when dealing with dental pain and it’s very rare for them to go off their food. Tooth root abscesses are often present for a long time before they’re noticed, and signs can be subtle. Some owners will only notice a change in their dog after the abscess is treated, as they may become more playful and happier once the pain is gone. If you notice any of the above signs or any swelling that is unusual, contact the vet to have your dog checked out. Dog abscesses are usually easy to treat, but if left to develop they can lead to more serious issues, especially if the infection stays in the body for too long or it starts to spread. Plus, remember that the abscess will also be making your pup feel uncomfortable. So, the quicker you and the vet come up with a plan to treat it, the faster you can get your friend to feel better and happier. What are the causes of abscesses in dogs? Wounds or scratches are the main causes of skin abscesses. This is because they provide bacteria the opportunity to get into your dog’s system. The wound closes as the skin heals, but bacteria trapped under the skin may cause an abscess to form. Biting or scratching hot spots and insect bites can also start the same process of bacteria accumulation and can lead to an abscess. Abscesses also commonly form around trapped grass seeds or thorns that have become trapped in the skin. Dog tooth abscesses are caused by poor dental health or trauma in the mouth area due to foreign objects or broken teeth; this is one reason why your vet may recommend extracting fractured teeth. Anal gland abscesses are also relatively common in dogs. These can occur secondary to underlying allergies or disease, or as a result of the anal glands becoming overly full and impacted. How are abscesses treated in dogs? Your vet will be able to assess the severity of your dog’s abscess and recommend the best treatment. This usually involves pain relief alongside antibiotics which will have to be given to the dog for as long as the vet prescribes to fully eradicate the bacteria, even if the pet’s condition improves during the treatment. The vet will likely also try to remove the pocket of pus by draining it or intervening surgically; this is especially important if foreign material like a grass seed is present. For tooth abscesses, treatment usually consists of extracting the affected tooth. Antibiotics aren’t usually recommended without extraction as the abscess is highly likely to return in a short space of time. You may be asked to return in a week or two so the vet can assess any changes in the way the affected area looks and how the dog is responding to the treatment. High quality nutrition developed with Purina vets for lifelong wellbeing. What to do if your dog’s skin abscess bursts? The first thing you need to do is clean and disinfect the area as best as you can. Wipe the pus away with a piece of clean cloth or cotton wool and gently bathe the area with dilute salt water. Remember to be gentle to avoid causing too much discomfort to your pup; if they are too painful, you should leave the area alone and prioritise seeing your vet. If there is bleeding, apply gentle but firm pressure until it stops. To make cleaning easier, you can also clip the fur around the area if tolerated. You should then see your vet to make sure the abscess is fully drained and there are no more bacteria that can kick-start the process of forming a skin abscess again. The vet will also help you identify the cause and recommend ways to prevent it from happening in the future. Depending on the area and severity of the abscess, the dog might be prescribed antibiotics and pain relief as well. Can you prevent dog abscesses from forming again? Although there is no absolute certainty that your dog won’t be back at the vet with an abscess, there are a few things owners can do to help minimise the risk. Treating wounds Keep an eye on wounds and scratches. As soon as you identify one, clean it with dilute salt water. Discuss with your vet if there are any topical disinfectants you could use at home to prevent wounds from getting infected. The priority for most wounds is to give them an initial clean, then keep them dry and away from dirt to let the body heal; using ointments and creams can slow this process. Flea prevention Parasites like fleas can also lead to skin abscesses in dogs. Whether it’s the bite itself or your dog scratching it too much, bacteria can find its way into the affected area which may lead to abscesses. Keeping teeth clean Keeping on top of your dog’s dental hygiene is the best way to keep the chances of tooth abscesses low. Dog teeth cleaning is important and should be part of your daily routine together. If not possible to clean your dog’s teeth every day, aim to do so at least 3-4 times each week. Consider adding dog dental chews or Veterinary Oral Health Council-approved dental supplements to your pet's dental care routine to help keep their gums and teeth healthier. Anal gland check-ups If your dog shows signs of scooting or bothering their back end, get their anal glands checked by your vet. Some dogs need regular anal gland expression to prevent them from over-filling and becoming impacted. We hope you found our guide to dealing with dog abscesses helpful.

Pica in dogs can become quite a serious problem if not taken care of, so it’s best to know all the signs to help you identify the issue quickly and get your pet the help they need. Keep reading to find out some of the most surprising facts about this condition. What is pica in dogs? Pica in dogs is a condition where a dog attempts to chew and eat non-food objects, such as clothing, rubbish, or dirt. Pica can often occur because of behavioral issues such as poor breeding practices and husbandry, lack of socialisation, lack of environmental enrichment, and anxiety but can less commonly be due to medical issues including a poor diet or nutritional insufficiency, illness, and parasites. It can be hard to know what causes pica in each individual dog. It’s important to speak to your vet, as it’s important to rule out clinical issues before suspecting a behavioral cause. Your vet can diagnose and hopefully rule out illness and parasites, as well as look at your dog’s nutritional requirements and advise on how they could be changed if necessary. What are the symptoms of pica in dogs? Eating objects not intended for ingestion can be very harmful. Dogs can choke, develop an obstruction or other serious digestive issues, or even poison themselves if they eat the wrong thing. If your dog is eating non-food items, look out for these symptoms: VomitingDiarrhoea or constipationAbdominal pain (looking uncomfortable or looking round at stomach)ChokingLethargyBad breathBloated stomachDamaged teeth (some dogs with pica eat stones, chew bricks etc) Any time your dog eats something potentially toxic, damaging, or just worrying, you should speak to your vet to find out whether they need urgent treatment. For some items or substances, inducing vomiting as soon as they’re eaten is the best option so don’t delay in seeking help. If your dog is eating things they shouldn’t repeatedly, start by asking your vet for help to diagnose or rule out clinical causes. Any non-food item eaten could potentially make your dog very sick and it’s better to understand about pica early on so you can prevent it from getting worse and treat it. What are the causes of pica in dogs? This can depend on whether your dog has pica due to a behavioral issue or a health reason. These will require different treatments and it may be hard to find the answer straight away; diagnosis is usually based on ruling out potential causes. Your vet will be able to look at the clinical causes and by talking to a behaviorist, you can get to the bottom of behavioral ones. Poor breeding Pica in puppies or young dogs can be the result of poor breeding practices – especially in puppy farmed dogs, back yard breeders or illegal imports. A lack of enrichment in the environment coupled with deficient or inappropriate feeding can lead puppies to gnaw and chew at whatever things they do have access to such as stone, bricks, wood, sawdust, straw etc. This can be something that they continue even when no longer in an impoverished environment. Anxiety Just like humans, dogs can resort to inappropriate behaviors when they are stressed or anxious in an attempt to soothe themselves. Gnawing and chewing reduces stress in dogs, and so finding objects that enable them to fulfil this self-soothing need can help them feel less worried or anxious. Some go on from just gnawing and chewing, to ingesting. This is regularly seen in dogs who are left alone for too long (or at all if they have separation related behavior issues) but also if there are things in their environment that are causing stress. This could be anything such as unusual or loud noises, builders, domestic changes, new home, new pets etc. Boredom or lack of enrichment We all know that dogs need at least one walk a day to give them the physical exercise that they need – but they need far more enrichment than just that. They also require their need for mental stimulation and social interaction to be fulfilled in order to keep them healthy and happy and prevent behavior problems. This means play, problem solving games and activities, and a chance to get an outlet for their own breed-specific or individual-specific hard-wired behaviors - along with their natural canine behaviors. This might be digging or chasing or scenting… and it may well include gnawing and chewing. Without these outlets, dogs can become bored and develop all kinds of behavior problems – and one of these is pica. Once you have ruled out a clinical cause, an accredited behaviorist can help you identify any shortfalls in your dog’s enrichment program and help treat pica. Health issues There are many medical issues that can cause pica such as anaemia, liver or pancreatic disease, hormonal conditions, gastrointestinal disease and many more. Medication Steroid treatments and some other medications can cause an increased appetite in your dog and this increased hunger can lead to pica. See your vet as soon as you notice abnormal eating behavior and they may suggest either a change of diet or a change of feeding routine such as giving more frequent meals of smaller amounts so the desire for food is satisfied more times in the day. You can also look at ways of making meal times last longer – such as a slow feeder or food dispensing toys. Other reasons for pica in dogs Some dogs may get pica for other reasons that are natural in origin but that become habitual. One of the common forms of pica is coprophagia, the eating of feces. This can be their own feces or the feces of others. While owners find it disgusting, there are natural reasons for this. Puppies born and reared in barren environments can develop the habit as there is nothing else to interact with in the environment, and this can continue in their new home. Eating the feces of other animals can happen because to a dog, it smells or tastes good (an example is cat feces as it is very high in protein – and of course dogs can ingest the litter as well as the poo). It can however also happen because they have nutritional deficiencies so as always, your vet is the first port of call. While we may think it is pretty disgusting, one of the ‘jobs’ that brought dogs into the lives of our distant ancestors was being able to ‘tidy up’ in this way – and of course nursing mothers will lick the bottoms of their puppies to encourage bowel movements and then clean up afterwards. Lastly, often owners encourage it in their dogs – not intentionally of course! They become so determined to prevent the behavior that they rush to pick up the poo as soon as it happens and so just convince their dogs of its value. After all, if you want it so much, it must be good! Can my puppy get pica? You may find that your puppy tries to chew and eat things that they shouldn’t, but there is a big difference between normal puppy curiosity and pica. Chewing things in puppies isn’t usually something to worry about, as long as they don’t eat anything harmful. Puppies will be naturally curious and the only way they have to interacti with their environment in their early weeks is to put things in their mouth. Making sure your puppy has plenty of enrichment opportunities and toys that they can enjoy chewing and gnawing – and that are far more fun than the things that don’t belong to them or that could be hazardous. As puppies grow up and discover more about the world – and have lots of enrichment, play and exercise, they will have other ways to interact with their environment rather than put it in their mouth! Just make sure you’re keeping dangerous objects out of their way and try to avoid them getting interested in other animals’ feces, which can be riskier for them to consume. How will my vet diagnose pica? If your dog is regularly eating non-food items they have pica. Why it is happening can be harder to diagnose. Diagnosing clinical causes of pica in dogs can take a bit of time. There may be quite a few tests your vet will do to rule out certain medical issues. Emergencies If you don’t know whether your dog ingested something, they may need to check for that first, and if a potentially harmful object has been ingested, they may also need to run tests to locate it so it can be removed. Other tests will be required to see if pica has been caused by another health problem. Lab work Lab work will help determine certain medical conditions and can also show if your dog has ingested a non-food item. This may include a blood count, faecal check, urinalysis and serum chemistry profile. X-ray This may be carried out if your dog has potentially swallowed a foreign object, which in many cases will show up on the x-ray. This will also help them to locate the object and assess how severe an obstruction it might be. Ultrasound Your vet may alternatively recommend an ultrasound to check for foreign objects, especially if the object is a material that might not show up on x-ray. An ultrasound can also be helpful to assess organs like the liver, pancreas or bowels. Nutritional deficiencies Your vet will also be able to run tests to ascertain if your dog have a nutritional deficiency that is causing them to eat non-food items. If nothing unusual comes back from these tests, your can be confident that this is most likely a behavior issue. An accredited behaviorist will be able to help get to the bottom of the causes and work with you on a behavior modification plan. How is pica in dogs treated? Treatment of pica can vary depending on whether it is a behavioral or medical problem. Your vet should give you more details on what will be needed for your dog if it is a clinical issue. If your dog has ingested something dangerous, this may require a stay at the vets and surgery to retrieve the object before the underlying issue can be treated. Treating medical pica This will depend on the underlying issue causing your dog’s pica and will be suggested by your vet. Treatment may include medication, diet change, further tests and regular check-ups. Treating behavioral pica After taking a full history and looking at your dog’s background, routine, and lifestyle, they will be able to see what the likely causes are and how to address them. They may suggest improved or different enrichment, outlets for hard-wired behaviors, ways of helping your dog feel more secure and safer in their environment – it all depends on what the root cause of the pica is. It is worth remembering that in behavior cases, pica is just a symptom. It isn’t so much a case of ‘stopping the pica’ as it is of finding out what is driving your dog to feel they have to do this behavior and addressing that. Can I prevent pica in my dog? While medical issues may be hard to avoid, maintaining a good diet for your dog and an appropriate feeding schedule, will help promote a healthy body and mind. Some dog breeds, such as Labradors, are actually more prone to pica due to their appetites, but this can still be reduced by ensuring your dog is active, has appropriate enrichment, and is kept stress-free and happy. If your dog already has pica or you want to avoid it as best as you can, here are some tips: Introduce plenty of enrichments and dog games and puzzles to keep them engaged day-to-day.Give them an outlet for their breed/type specific behaviors as this will help to keep them content.Make sure your dog gets a daily walk – and ideally split their exercise times into several times a day to break up the boredom of being stuck inside for hours on end.If you work or have to leave your dog for a long period of time, find someone who can take them out or keep them company for a while.Chewing and gnawing is a natural behavior for dogs. Provide them with safe chew toys that they enjoy so they don’t chew items around the house.Observe them inside and outside to make sure they aren’t eating things they shouldn’t.Remove temptation especially with puppies. Put things away, don’t leave items on ‘dog height, and tidy up anything that lands on the floor.Keep potentially dangerous objects out of reach. For example, bottles with chemicals should not be kept on the floor or in low cupboards, and small or fragile objects that can lodge or break in their throat should be cleared away.Don’t rush to pick up poo as you only increase its value in your dog’s eyes. Instead (if your dog is eating their own poo) take a few smelly treats your dog loves and as soon as they have finished, throw the treats a couple of meters away. While they are eating the treats, you can quietly clean up. If they are eating other animals’ feces, keep them on a long line so you can guide them away – and always reward them for leaving it alone (whether it was their idea or not!). Keep cat litter trays somewhere that is cat accessible but not dog accessible. If you suspect your dog has pica, do not try to treat it on your own. Always make sure you check in with your vet and behaviorist so you can offer your dog the best care.

You should contact the vet as soon as you notice something is wrong with your dog. In some cases, however, urgent care is needed while waiting for professional help. This is when owners can step in. Knowing what to do in those moments and how to administer dog first aid can save your pet’s life. Our guide is designed to help you understand how to do dog first aid in different scenarios and when to do it. Take a read below. We recommend speaking to your vet for advice before performing any of the first aid below. With any first aid, there is a risk of injury or harm to your pet if it is performed incorrectly, so you should always seek veterinary guidance. Choking dog first aid There’s a risk of your dog choking at any time, so it’s important to know the signs and what to do. This is our guide to dog first aid for choking. What are the signs of choking in dogs? They’re finding it hard to breathA choking sound when they breathePawing at their mouth a lotBlue lips and/or tongue It’s essential not to confuse coughing with choking. Performing first aid for choking if your dog is only coughing could be harmful. Choking is usually sudden and very distressing, and if your dog’s lips or tongue are turning blue this usually indicates choking. If you’re unsure and your dog is still conscious, it’s best to focus on getting to your vet as quickly as possible. How to perform first aid when your dog is choking Look in your dog’s mouth to see if you can see the blockage.Only remove it if it’s safe to do so without being bitten or pushing the object down the throat. Typically, if your dog is choking the object will be too far down the throat to be easily removed through the mouth – and reaching into the mouth risks getting bitten, as your dog may panic. If your dog is choking on a large object like a ball, you may be able to dislodge this externally. If it is safe to do so, lie your dog on their back (you may need assistance) Place your thumbs either side of the base of the throat, just behind the jawYou should be able to feel the object. Apply firm pressure from behind it, pushing it down (towards your dog’s back) and forwards (towards their nose). If you can’t remove the object: Contact your vet and be on your way to see themLie your dog on their sideWith an open palm, strike their rib cage firmly 3-4 timesKeep repeating until the object is loose or until you’re at the vets If you’re unable to reach a vet quickly and your dog is either unconscious or in severe distress with blue gums and tongue, you can also try a modified Heimlich manoeuvre. However, this can be harmful if performed incorrectly, so speak to your vet before attempting this. For small dogs, pick them up and hold their back to your front, before using your fist to gently but firmly thrust up and into the soft spot just beneath their ribs.For large dogs, lay them down and attempt the manoeuvre using the heel of your hand. If your dog has had an episode of choking and you’ve cleared the obstruction yourself, you should still see a vet urgently to assess your dog for any damage. First aid for when your dog’s not breathing If you notice your dog becoming very lethargic, struggling with their breathing or not breathing at all, you should call your vet immediately. They will be able to talk you through any necessary first aid and prepare to see your pet as an emergency. Dog first aid when you can’t find your pet’s heartbeat If your dog is unconscious and doesn’t have a heartbeat, you must call your vet immediately. Performing dog first aid in the meantime may help but is unlikely to be successful without rapid veterinary attention. If necessary, your vet will be able to advise you on how to perform first aid, but initiating CPR without veterinary advice could cause harm to your pet. Dog first aid for poisoning Your dog might have eaten something toxic to them which could cause poisoning. Many toxins for dogs are everyday items, like chocolate. Call your vet immediately if you suspect poisoning. What are the signs of poisoning in dogs? DiarrhoeaOut-of-character behaviorLoss of appetiteVomiting in dogsPale gumsSeizures or collapsingLethargy How to perform first aid if your dog is poisoned Contact your vet straight away and be on your way to see them.See if you can see any leftovers of the substance in your dog’s mouth. If it’s safe to do so without being bitten, remove it.Take the substance or the packet to the vet with you so they can assess the best course of action. It’s also good to know how much your dog has ingested. Dog first aid for a cut paw Running around outside can easily cause a cut paw or torn claws. Dogs’ paws get in contact with bacteria as they touch the ground, so it’s important to treat the cut quickly to avoid it getting infected. Here is how to treat a dog’s cut paw. How to treat a dog’s cut paw Assess the cut – is it deep or a minor cut? If it’s deep, take your dog to a vet immediately.If you can, rinse the cut with plain water or ideally dilute salt water to remove any obvious dirt.Apply firm pressure with a piece of bandage material, cotton wool or clean fabric. Keep this on for at least 5 minutes to stop the bleeding, or until you reach the vet if the bleeding continues.See your vet as soon as possible. It’s best to get a vet to fully assess the paw. Cuts to pads and torn nails can be painful and prone to infection, and there could be foreign material like a thorn trapped inside. They will be able to thoroughly assess your dog and recommend a treatment plan . Dog first aid for a fracture or broken bone If your dog is having difficulty moving or is even limping, it’s a possible that they have a fractured or broken bone. If the bone is broken, you might see the skin is broken. You’ll need to contact your vet immediately if you suspect a fractured bone. How to treat a broken dog bone or fracture If the skin is broken and there is a visible wound, prevent your dog licking the area and try to keep it as clean as possible while you get to the vets. If necessary, use a clean piece of cloth or bandage to very loosely cover the area.Do not add a splint as this could cause harm.Do not give painkillers unless advised to by your vet as many of these are unsafe for dogs. Always be aware of your own safety and the safety of those around you. A dog in pain, especially if they are frightened, can behave unpredictably even though you are trying to help them. Even though you know your dog would never bite in normal circumstances, when hurt, they may behave unpredictably – either through fear or because they are protecting themselves from more pain. We hope this article was helpful. Though these situations are worrying for both you and your pooch, knowing how to perform dog first aid and seeing your vet promptly can save their lives. Next, see our other daily dog care guides on home remedies for dogs, but keep in mind that you should always call the vet first before trying any solutions at home.

As a dog parent, it may not ever cross your mind to think about whether or not they lose their teeth. However, dogs can lose their teeth, and sometimes this can be a cause for concern. Carry on reading to find out everything you need to know about dog teeth, what to do when they fall out and more. Do dogs lose their teeth? Yes. Like their human counterparts, puppies grow a set of baby teeth, which eventually fall out. Baby teeth are pointed and sharp, known by many owners as ‘needle teeth’. Losing these baby teeth is a normal part of puppy development, however, if adult dogs lose teeth, it can be a cause for concern. Senior dog tooth fell out. What should you do? If your older dog has just lost a tooth, make sure you call your vet for an appointment. Although not essential, bringing the tooth with you will help your vet determine if the tooth is complete, or if there may be some root remaining under the gum. This is more common if the tooth loss is related to trauma to the mouth. Other reasons for tooth loss, include conditions like periodontal disease. Look out for any other unusual signs as well. This will help your vet better understand what has led to the tooth falling out but also allow them to intervene quickly if there are any signs your dog is in pain. Why is my older dog losing teeth? If you noticed a few of your dog’s teeth missing, and it isn’t due to any dental extraction or injury, then it is likely that your dog is suffering from a canine dental disease. Many gum diseases are caused by inflammation or infection of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth. This can also affect the bone that surrounds the tooth’s root. This is termed periodontal disease and is one of the most common diseases in adult dogs. What are the symptoms of missing teeth in dogs? Often there are no obvious signs of missing teeth in dogs, and they may continue to behave as normal, even if their mouth is painful. However, here are some signs that they may show when they’re about to lose teeth or already missing some of them: Loss of appetiteDrooling all of a sudden (or more than usual)Halitosis (bad breath)Pawing at mouthDifficulty eatingEating on one side of the mouth Make sure you call your vet if you notice any of the symptoms above as they could point to conditions such as periodontal disease. How can I help my older dog from losing more of its teeth? If you notice your dog losing their teeth and they are also in pain and showing signs of distress, then you should seek advice from your vet immediately. Do not ever try to remove any loose teeth by yourself. The vet will examine your dog’s mouth and from that will be able to make some recommendations on how to proceed. If your dog has a large build-up of plaque or tartar, they may recommend that your dog has some dental work carried out under a general anaesthetic. They will clean your dog’s teeth, removing tartar with a descaling machine similar to the equipment used by a human dentist. This will help to improve your dog’s dental health and reduce the risk of further tooth loss. What is the treatment for dogs losing their teeth? All treatments depend on the cause behind your dog’s missing teeth. The vet will recommend the best solution for your furry friend. But these can include anything from teeth cleaning for mild cases of periodontal disease to canals canal treatment and a technique called root planning for more severe disease. Can I prevent my dog from losing its teeth? You can prevent your four-legged friend from losing their teeth by staying on top of dog oral care. It is best to clean your dog’s teeth at least twice a week to remove the bacteria that leads to plaque build-up. It can be tricky to start brushing your dog’s teeth, especially if they are not used to it – which is why it is one of the many things that best introduced to puppies from early in their lives. Make sure to introduce cleaning your dog’s teeth gradually, and always use vet-approved dog toothpaste and toothbrushes. Dog toothpaste comes in lots of enticing flavours such as chicken and beef to make mouthcare far more pleasant for your dog. For many dogs, a toothbrush is a bit intimidating, so you can start off with rubber ‘fingers’ designed for dog toothcare, which just slip onto your finger like a long thimble and have rubber nobbles to clean teeth and massage gums. You can start just by stroking this around the outside of your dog’s lips so they get used to the feel of it before starting to slowly build up to sliding it inside your dog’s lips with some tasty toothpaste on it. Once your dog gets used to this, you can progress to cleaning all of their teeth and even a toothbrush if that is easiest. High quality nutrition developed with Purina vets for lifelong wellbeing. Do not use human brushes in your dog’s mouth, unless your vet has said it is OK to do so. You should also avoid using human toothpaste, as this is unpleasant tasting for dogs, and it can be harmful if swallowed. Toothpaste that has been formulated specifically for dogs also comes in flavours that dogs find far more appealing than the human versions. You can also use give your dog dental chews such as Purina® DentaLife®. They have chewy, porous textures and ridged designs to help clean their teeth properly and freshen their breath. Dogs losing their teeth can be a cause for concern. If you notice your dog showing any sign of discomfort in its mouth, or you notice some teeth missing, then you should contact your vet right away. To help take care of your dog’s dental health, make sure they don’t start chewing anything hard, and ensure they get good daily oral care. That’s our guide on whether dogs lose their teeth. Check it out next.